分类 运维技术 下的文章

新的VPS给客户安装WDCP后无法安装Wordpress,点击提交数据库资料安装的时候页面被重定向,恢复WP后也无法打开插件、主题等页面。解决方法可以登入ssh,执行下面的命令:

mv /usr/lib64/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6 /usr/lib64/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6.bak

mysql中如果我们开启bin-log日志全在mysql目录发现大量的mysql-bin.000001,mysql-bin.000002等,如果多了会发现占很大的空间,下面我来介绍mysql-bin日志关闭与删除方法。

日记删除
首先使用root权限账户登入mysql
#mysql -u root -pxxxxx
执行:mysql> reset master;
完成后退出:exit;

关闭日记或定时删除
编辑 my.cnf 注释 log-bin=mysql-bin 重启mysql即可
如果需要定时删除则 expire_logs_days = 3
意思为3天删除

为了减少一些误报,我们需要把 Directadmin 的一些值得信赖的服务添加CSF/LFD例外。编辑/etc/csf/csf.pignore 输入以下内容:

cmd:spamd child
exe:/bin/dbus-daemon
exe:/sbin/ntpd
exe:/usr/bin/dbus-daemon
exe:/usr/bin/dbus-daemon-1
exe:/usr/bin/fetchmail
exe:/usr/bin/freshclam
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/anvil
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/imap
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/imap-login
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/managesieve
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/managesieve-login
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/pop3
exe:/usr/libexec/dovecot/pop3-login
exe:/usr/libexec/gam_server
exe:/usr/libexec/hald-addon-acpi
exe:/usr/libexec/hald-addon-keyboard
exe:/usr/local/bin/clamd
exe:/usr/local/bin/freshclam
exe:/usr/local/bin/pureftpd_uploadscan.sh
exe:/usr/local/directadmin/dataskq
exe:/usr/local/directadmin/directadmin
exe:/usr/local/libexec/dovecot/imap
exe:/usr/local/libexec/dovecot/imap-login
exe:/usr/local/libexec/dovecot/pop3
exe:/usr/local/libexec/dovecot/pop3-login
exe:/usr/local/mysql-5.1.54-linux-x86_64/bin/mysqld
exe:/usr/local/php53/bin/php53
exe:/usr/local/php53/bin/php-cgi53
exe:/usr/local/php53/bin/php_uploadscan.sh
exe:/usr/local/php53/sbin/php-fpm53
exe:/usr/local/php54/bin/php54
exe:/usr/local/php54/bin/php-cgi54
exe:/usr/local/php54/bin/php_uploadscan.sh
exe:/usr/local/php54/sbin/php-fpm54
exe:/usr/local/php55/bin/php55
exe:/usr/local/php55/bin/php-cgi55
exe:/usr/local/php55/bin/php_uploadscan.sh
exe:/usr/local/php55/sbin/php-fpm55
exe:/usr/local/php56/bin/php56
exe:/usr/local/php56/bin/php-cgi56
exe:/usr/local/php56/bin/php_uploadscan.sh
exe:/usr/local/php56/sbin/php-fpm56
exe:/usr/local/sbin/nginx
exe:/usr/sbin/exim
exe:/usr/sbin/hald
exe:/usr/sbin/httpd
exe:/usr/sbin/mysqld
exe:/usr/sbin/mysqld_safe
exe:/usr/sbin/named
exe:/usr/sbin/nginx
exe:/usr/sbin/ntpd
exe:/usr/sbin/proftpd
exe:/usr/sbin/pure-ftpd
exe:/usr/sbin/sshd

然后重启LFD:

/etc/init.d/lfd restart

来自:https://www.plugins-da.net/info/csf-lfd-exceptions-for-directadmin-csf.pignore
p.s. Based on this thread: http://forum.directadmin.com/showthread.php?t=49424

[Sun Sep 21 17:37:10 2014] [emerg] (28)No space left on device: Couldn't create accept lock (/var/log/httpd/accept.lock.8411) (5)

下午收到监控邮件有台DirectAdmin服务器Apache服务无法启动,检查错误日记后,发现如上错误。首先df -h检查硬盘是否饱和,然后ipcs -s检查ipc,发现是ipc不足。如下所示

# ipcs -s 
------ Semaphore Arrays -------- 
key semid owner perms nsems 
0x00000000 19234816 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19267585 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19300354 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19398659 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19431428 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19464197 apache 600 1 
0x00000000 19562502 apache 600 1
………………

执行如下命令清除然后重启Apache即可

ipcs -s | grep apache | perl -lane 'print `ipcrm sem $F[1]`'
service httpd restart

引起这个问题的原因可能是apache没有被正确的关闭。写了个简单的shell可以加入crontab定期执行

#!/bin/bash
rm -rf /var/log/weed/ipcs.log
ipcs -s >> /var/log/weed/ipcs.log
ipcslist=`grep -c "" /var/log/weed/ipcs.log`
if [ "$ipcslist" -ge "20" ]; then
ipcs -s | perl -ane '/^0x00000000/ && `ipcrm -s $F[1]`'
echo $(date) "Ipc crowded, clean up" >> /var/log/weed/ipcs_clean.log
fi

#! /bin/bash
#====================================================================
# sys-mon.sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2011, WangYan <webmaster@wangyan.org>
# All rights reserved.
# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 3.0.
#
# Monitor system mem and load, if too high, restart some service.
#
# See: https://wangyan.org/blog/sys-mon-shell-script.html
#
# V 0.5, Date: 2011-12-08
#====================================================================
 
# Need to monitor the service name
# Must be in /etc/init.d folder exists
NAME_LIST="httpd nginx mysql"
 
# Single process to allow the maximum CPU (%)
PID_CPU_MAX="25"
 
# The maximum allowed memory (%)
PID_MEM_SUM_MAX="95"
 
# The maximum allowed system load
SYS_LOAD_MAX="6"
 
# Log path settings
LOG_PATH="/var/log/sys-mon.log"
 
# Date time format setting
DATA_TIME=$(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
 
# Your email address
EMAIL="webmaster@example.com"
 
# Your website url
MY_URL="http://106.187.38.210/p.php"
 
#====================================================================
 
for NAME in $NAME_LIST
do
    PID_CPU_SUM="0";PID_MEM_SUM="0"
    PID_LIST=`ps aux | grep $NAME | grep -v root`
 
    IFS_TMP="$IFS";IFS=$'\n'
    for PID in $PID_LIST
    do
        PID_NUM=`echo $PID | awk '{print $2}'`
        PID_CPU=`echo $PID | awk '{print $3}'`
        PID_MEM=`echo $PID | awk '{print $4}'`
#       echo "$NAME: PID_NUM($PID_NUM) PID_CPU($PID_CPU) PID_MEM($PID_MEM)"
 
        PID_CPU_SUM=`echo "$PID_CPU_SUM + $PID_CPU" | bc`
        PID_MEM_SUM=`echo "$PID_MEM_SUM + $PID_MEM" | bc`
 
        if [ `echo "$PID_CPU >= $PID_CPU_MAX" | bc` -eq 1 ];then
            if [[ "$NAME" = "php-fpm" || "$NAME" = "httpd" ]];then
                sleep 5
                if [ `echo "$PID_CPU >= $PID_CPU_MAX" | bc` -eq 1 ];then
                    echo "${DATA_TIME}: kill ${NAME}($PID_NUM) successful (CPU:$PID_CPU)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
                    kill $PID_NUM
                fi
            else
                echo "${DATA_TIME}: [WARNING!] ${NAME}($PID_NUM) cpu usage is too high! (CPU:$PID_CPU)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
            fi
        fi
    done
    IFS="$IFS_TMP"
 
    SYS_LOAD=`uptime | awk '{print $(NF-2)}' | sed 's/,//'`
    SYS_MON="CPU:$PID_CPU_SUM MEM:$PID_MEM_SUM LOAD:$SYS_LOAD"
#   echo -e "$NAME: $SYS_MON\n"
 
    SYS_LOAD_TOO_HIGH=`awk 'BEGIN{print('$SYS_LOAD'>'$SYS_LOAD_MAX')}'`
    PID_MEM_SUM_TOO_HIGH=`awk 'BEGIN{print('$PID_MEM_SUM'>'$PID_MEM_SUM_MAX')}'`
 
    if [[ "$SYS_LOAD_TOO_HIGH" = "1" || "$PID_MEM_SUM_TOO_HIGH" = "1" ]];then
        /etc/init.d/$NAME stop
        sleep 5
        for ((i=1;i<4;i++))
        do
            if [ `pgrep $NAME | wc -l` = "0" ];then
                echo "$DATA_TIME: Stop $NAME successful! ($SYS_MON)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
                break
            else
                echo "${DATA_TIME}: [WARNING!] Stop $NAME failed[$i]! ($SYS_MON)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
                pkill $NAME && killall $NAME
            fi
        done
        /etc/init.d/$NAME start
        sleep 5
        for ((ii=1;ii<4;ii++))
        do
            if [ `pgrep $NAME | wc -l` != "0" ];then
                echo "$DATA_TIME: Start $NAME successful!" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
                break
            else
                echo "${DATA_TIME}: [WARNING!] Start $NAME failed[$ii]! ($SYS_MON)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
                /etc/init.d/$NAME start
                sleep 5
            fi
        done
        if [ `pgrep $NAME | wc -l` != "0" ];then
            echo "${DATA_TIME}: [ERROR!] Start $NAME failed! ($SYS_MON)" | mail -s "Start $NAME failed" $EMAIL
        fi
    fi
done
 
STATUS_CODE=`curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code} $MY_URL`
#echo -e "STATUS CODE: $STATUS_CODE\n"
 
if [ "$STATUS_CODE" != "200" ];then
    sleep 3
    STATUS_CODE=`curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code} $MY_URL`
    if [ "$STATUS_CODE" != "200" ];then
        echo "${DATA_TIME}: [WARNING!] Website Downtime! ($SYS_MON)" | tee -a $LOG_PATH
        echo "${DATA_TIME}: [WARNING!] Website Downtime! ($SYS_MON)" | mail -s "Start $NAME failed" $EMAIL
    fi
fi

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#=============================================================================
#     FileName:
#         Desc:
#       Author: 苦咖啡
#        Email: voilet@qq.com
#     HomePage: http://blog.kukafei520.net
#      Version: 0.0.1
#      History:
#=============================================================================

import os
import sys
import re
import smtplib

#设定邮件
fromaddr = "smtp.qq.com"
toaddrs = ["voilet@qq.com"]
username = "voilet"
password = "xxxxxx"

#设置白名单
pass_file = ["api_ucenter.php"]

#定义发送邮件函数
def sendmail(toaddrs,sub,content):
    '发送邮件模块'
    # Add the From: and To: headers at the start!
    msg = ("From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n"
           % (fromaddr, ", ".join(toaddrs), sub))
    msg += content
    server = smtplib.SMTP('mail.funshion.com', 25,)
    server.login(username, password)
    server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
    server.quit()

#设置搜索特征码
rulelist = [
    '(\$_(GET|POST|REQUEST)\[.{0,15}\]\(\$_(GET|POST|REQUEST)\[.{0,15}\]\))',
    '(base64_decode\([\'"][\w\+/=]{200,}[\'"]\))',
    'eval\(base64_decode\(',
    '(eval\(\$_(POST|GET|REQUEST)\[.{0,15}\]\))',
    '(assert\(\$_(POST|GET|REQUEST)\[.{0,15}\]\))',
    '(\$[\w_]{0,15}\(\$_(POST|GET|REQUEST)\[.{0,15}\]\))',
    '(wscript\.shell)',
    '(gethostbyname\()',
    '(cmd\.exe)',
    '(shell\.application)',
    '(documents\s+and\s+settings)',
    '(system32)',
    '(serv-u)',
    '(提权)',
    '(phpspy)',
    '(后门)',
    '(webshell)',
    '(Program\s+Files)',
    'www.phpdp.com',
    'phpdp',
    'PHP神盾',
    'decryption',
    'Ca3tie1',
    'GIF89a',
    'IKFBILUvM0VCJD\/APDolOjtW0tgeKAwA',
    '\'e\'\.\'v\'\.\'a\'\.\'l\'',
]

def Scan(path):
    for root,dirs,files in os.walk(path):
        for filespath in files:
            isover = False
            if '.' in filespath:
                ext = filespath[(filespath.rindex('.')+1):]
                if ext=='php' and filespath not in pass_file:
                    file= open(os.path.join(root,filespath))
                    filestr = file.read()
                    file.close()
                    for rule in rulelist:
                        result = re.compile(rule).findall(filestr)
                        if result:
                            print '文件:'+os.path.join(root,filespath)
                            print '恶意代码:'+str(result[0])
                            print '\n\n'
                            sendmail(toaddrs,"增值发现恶意代码",'文件:'+os.path.join(root,filespath)+"\n" + '恶意代码:'+str(result[0]))
                            break

try:
    if os.path.lexists("/home/web_root/"):
        print('\n\n开始扫描:'+ "/home/web_root/")
        print('               可疑文件                 ')
        print('########################################')
        Scan("/home/web_root/")
        print('提示:扫描完成--~')
    else:
        print '提示:指定的扫描目录不存在--- '
except IndexError:
    print "请指定扫描文件目录"

来自:http://blog.kukafei520.net/html/2013/811.html

一个简单的系统监控脚本,有需要的朋友可以参考下。

#!/bin/bash
time=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
d=`date +%m%d`
N=`ps -ef | grep httpd | grep -v grep | wc -l`
Q=`ps -ef | grep java | grep -v grep | wc -l`
[ -d /root/check_log/ ] || mkdir /root/check_log
IP=`ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2'p | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F':' '{print $2}'`
M=`uptime | awk '{print $8,$9,$10,$11,$12}'`
O=`ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '8'p | awk '{print $3,$4}'`
P=`ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '8'p | awk '{print $7,$8}'`
R=`ifconfig eth1 | sed -n '8'p | awk '{print $3,$4}'`
S=`ifconfig eth1 | sed -n '8'p | awk '{print $7,$8}'`
A=`top -bn1 | sed -n '2'p | awk '{print $2}'`
B=`top -bn1 | sed -n '2'p | awk '{print $10}'`
echo ****************************$IP**************************** >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前时间:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $time >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "---------------------check system load------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前负载:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $M >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "---------------------check 总进程数---------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前总进程数:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $A >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前僵死进程数:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $B >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "---------------------check 应用进程数--------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "当前apache进程数:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $N >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "当前java进程数" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo $Q >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "---------------------check Tcp连接状态-------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a,S[a]}' >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "---------------------check 网卡流量-----------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "当前eth0网卡流量:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "接收总流量:$O" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "发送总流量:$P" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "当前eth1网卡流量:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "接收总流量:$R" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "发送总流量:$S" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "-----------------------------check cpu load------------------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前cpu负载:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
sar -u 1 10 | grep -v Linux | grep -v ^$ >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "-----------------------------check mem load------------------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前内存信息:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
cat /proc/meminfo >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "-----------------------------check 磁盘空间------------------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前磁盘容量:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
df -h >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "-----------------------------check io load-------------------------------" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
echo "系统当前io磁盘负载:" >> /root/check_log/$d.log
iostat 1 10 | grep -v ^$ | grep -v Linux | grep -v dm | grep -v hdc >> /root/check_log/$d.log
find /root/check_log/ -mtime +6 |xargs rm -f

来自:http://www.jbxue.com/article/4472.html

#查看所有80端口的连接数
netstat -nat|grep -i "80"|wc -l
#对连接的IP按连接数量进行排序
netstat -anp | grep 'tcp\|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | egrep -o "[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}" | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
#查看TCP连接状态
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {print $NF}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]};END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++state[$NF]}; END {for(key in state) print key,"\t",state[key]}'
netstat -n | awk '/^tcp/ {++arr[$NF]};END {for(k in arr) print k,"\t",arr[k]}'
netstat -ant | awk '{print $NF}' | grep -v '[a-z]' | sort | uniq -c
#查看80端口连接数最多的20个IP
cat /www/web_logs/waitalone.cn_access.log|awk '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -100
tail -n 10000 /www/web_logs/waitalone.cn_access.log|awk '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -100
cat /www/web_logs/waitalone.cn_access.log|awk '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -100
netstat -anlp|grep 80|grep tcp|awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -n20
netstat -ant |awk '/:80/{split($5,ip,":");++A[ip[1]]}END{for(i in A) print A,i}' |sort -rn|head -n20
#用tcpdump嗅探80端口的访问看看谁最高
tcpdump -i eth0 -tnn dst port 80 -c 1000 | awk -F"." '{print $1"."$2"."$3"."$4}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |head -20
#查找较多time_wait连接
netstat -n|grep TIME_WAIT|awk '{print $5}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -n20
#查找较多的SYN连接
netstat -an | grep SYN | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | more
#linux下实用iptables封ip段的一些常见命令:
#封单个IP的命令是:
iptables -I INPUT -s 211.1.0.0 -j DROP
#封IP段的命令是:
iptables -I INPUT -s 211.1.0.0/16 -j DROP
iptables -I INPUT -s 211.2.0.0/16 -j DROP
iptables -I INPUT -s 211.3.0.0/16 -j DROP
#封整个段的命令是:
iptables -I INPUT -s 211.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
#封几个段的命令是:
iptables -I INPUT -s 61.37.80.0/24 -j DROP
iptables -I INPUT -s 61.37.81.0/24 -j DROP
#想在服务器启动自运行的话有三个方法:
#1、把它加到/etc/rc.local中
#2、iptables-save >/etc/sysconfig/iptables可以把你当前的iptables规则放到/etc/sysconfig/iptables中,系统启动iptables时自动执行。
#3、service iptables save 也可以把你当前的iptables规则放/etc/sysconfig/iptables中,系统启动iptables时#自动执行。
#后两种更好此,一般iptables服务会在network服务之前启来,更安全。
#解封的话:
iptables -D INPUT -s IP地址 -j REJECT
iptables -F #全清掉了

iftop

介绍

iftop是一款实时流量监控工具,监控TCP/IP连接等,缺点就是无报表功能。必须以root身份才能运行。

实例

默认是监控第一块网卡的流量

iftop

监控eth1

iftop -i eth1

直接显示IP, 不进行DNS反解析

iftop -n

直接显示连接埠编号, 不显示服务名称:

iftop -N

显示某个网段进出封包流量

iftop -F 192.168.1.0/24 or 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0

基于实例讲解输出含义

执行iftop -N -n -i eth1后界面为

19.1Mb            38.1Mb              57.2Mb               76.3Mb             95.4Mb
+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------+--------------------+---------------------
192.168.1.11                                  => 192.168.1.66                  5.3Mb  3.22Mb  3.20Mb
                                              <=                               219kb  45.7kb  49.3kb
192.168.1.11                                   => 192.168.1.29                 144kb  30.8kb  29.6kb
                                              <=                               11.3Mb  2.38Mb  2.74Mb
192.168.1.11                                  => 12.2.11.71                    0b   6.40kb  6.66kb
                                              <=                               0b      0b      0b
192.168.1.11                                  => 192.168.1.8                   2.63kb  1.43kb   932b
                                              <=                               1.31kb  1.05kb   893b
192.168.1.11                                   => 192.168.2.78                 2.53kb  1.54kb  2.15kb
                                               <=                              160b    160b    187b
192.168.1.11                                   => 111.126.195.69               0b    166b     69b
                                               <=                              0b      0b      0b
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TX:             cum:   9.70MB   peak:   15.6Mb                          rates:   15.4Mb  3.26Mb  3.23Mb
RX:                    8.38MB           14.9Mb                                   11.5Mb  2.42Mb  2.79Mb
TOTAL:                 18.1MB           30.5Mb                                   27.0Mb  5.69Mb  6.03Mb

iftop界面含义如下

第一行:带宽显示

中间部分:外部连接列表,即记录了哪些ip正在和本机的网络连接

中间部分右边:实时参数分别是该访问ip连接到本机2秒,10秒和40秒的平均流量

=>代表发送数据,<= 代表接收数据

底部三行:表示发送,接收和全部的流量

底部三行第二列:为你运行iftop到目前流量

底部三行第三列:为高峰值

底部三行第四列:为平均值

通过iftop的界面很容易找到哪个ip在霸占网络流量,这个是ifstat做不到的。不过iftop的流量显示单位是Mb,这个b是bit,是位,不是字节,而ifstat的KB,这个B就是字节了,byte是bit的8倍。初学者容易被误导。

进入iftop的命令

进入iftop画面后的一些操作命令(注意大小写)

按h切换是否显示帮助;

按n切换显示本机的IP或主机名;

按s切换是否显示本机的host信息;

按d切换是否显示远端目标主机的host信息;

按t切换显示格式为2行/1行/只显示发送流量/只显示接收流量;

按N切换显示端口号或端口服务名称;

按S切换是否显示本机的端口信息;

按D切换是否显示远端目标主机的端口信息;

按p切换是否显示端口信息;

按P切换暂停/继续显示;

按b切换是否显示平均流量图形条;

按B切换计算2秒或10秒或40秒内的平均流量;

按T切换是否显示每个连接的总流量;

按l打开屏幕过滤功能,输入要过滤的字符,比如ip,按回车后,屏幕就只显示这个IP相关的流量信息;

按L切换显示画面上边的刻度;刻度不同,流量图形条会有变化;

按j或按k可以向上或向下滚动屏幕显示的连接记录;

按1或2或3可以根据右侧显示的三列流量数据进行排序;

按<根据左边的本机名或IP排序;

按>根据远端目标主机的主机名或IP排序;

按o切换是否固定只显示当前的连接;

按f可以编辑过滤代码,这是翻译过来的说法,我还没用过这个!

按!可以使用shell命令,这个没用过!没搞明白啥命令在这好用呢!

按q退出监控。

参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2013/01/13/2858923.html

一、临时修改

$ sudo hostname weedhost
# 查看主机名
$ hostname
weedhost

临时修改在重启后会恢复原样

二、永久修改

# 查看当前主机名
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
GATEWAY=192.168.10.1

# HOSTNAME就是主机名了,vi /etc/sysconfig/network 修改保存即可

应用环境可以是安全要求比较高的VPS或者独立服务器,一般允许内网IP登入,或者VPN进去。

vi /etc/hosts.allow
sshd:192.168.0.100:allow          //允许IP 192.168.0.100 登录
sshd:192.168.0.:allow            //允许IP 192.168.0.  网段登录 
sshd:all:deny                     //禁止其他的所有IP登录
或者
sshd:223.227.223.*:allow              //允许IP 223.227.223.*   网段登录
sshd:192.168.0.*:allow                //允许IP 192.168.0.*  网段登录 
sshd:all:deny                                //禁止其他的所有IP